Data Interpretation Reviewer (Professional)

Reviewer's Note: Accuracy over speed! Check the units on the axes (thousands vs millions) and read the legend carefully. Most mistakes come from misreading the chart, not from the math.

Data Interpretation (DI) tests your ability to extract information from visual formats.

Sa madaling salita: Ito ay tungkol sa pag-unawa sa mga graphs, tables, at charts. Ang pinaka-importante rito ay ang mapansin ang maliliit na detalye tulad ng "legend" o "units".

Common Data Formats

Visualizing data helps in comparing values and identifying trends efficiently.

Tables: Data organized in rows and columns. (Mga numero sa loob ng cells.)
Bar Graphs: Used to compare categories. (Ginagamit sa paghahambing.)
Pie Charts: Parts of a whole. (Bilog na nagpapakita ng porsyento.)
Line Graphs: Trends over time. (Pataas o pababang linya.)

Strategy for Solving

Read the Title: (Ano ang topic ng graph?)
Examine the Legend: (Anong ibig sabihin ng mga kulay o pattern?)
Understand the Axes: (Ano ang $x$ -axis o horizontal at $y$ -axis o vertical?)
Pinpoint Information: Don't read everything. Look only for what is asked. (Hanapin lang ang kailangan para sa tanong.)
Calculations: DI usually requires averages or percentage change. (Madalas ay Average o Percentage Increase/Decrease ang tinatanong.)

DI Checklist

Read the title first.
Check whether the numbers are in thousands, millions, or plain units.
Compare rows before jumping into computation.
Recheck the exact year, category, or label in the question.
Watch for distractors that use a nearby but wrong value.

Key Formulas for DI

Percentage Change: $\frac{\text{New} - \text{Old}}{\text{Old}} \times 100$
Average: $\frac{\text{Sum}}{\text{Count}}$
Ratio: Comparison (e.g., $A:B$ )
Difference: Larger value minus smaller value
Total: Add the relevant categories

Fast Reading Tips

When asked for "highest" or "lowest," scan for the extremes first.
When asked for "total," sum the relevant values only.
When asked for "increase," subtract old from new.
When asked for "percentage of total," divide the part by the whole.

Practice Questions

Set A: Table - Fruit Sales (in kg)

Month	Apples	Bananas	Oranges
January	50	100	75
February	60	80	90
March	90	120	100

What is the total sales of Apples from January to March?
- A. 150 kg
- B. 180 kg
- C. 200 kg
- D. 210 kg
- Answer: C (200 kg).
- Rationale: $50 + 60 + 90 = 200$ .
What is the percentage increase in Apple sales from January to February?
- A. 10%
- B. 15%
- C. 20%
- D. 25%
- Answer: C (20%).
- Rationale: Diff = $60 - 50 = 10$ . Percent = $10 / 50 = 0.20$ .
Which month had the highest total fruit sales?
- A. January
- B. February
- C. March
- D. April
- Answer: C (March).
- Rationale: Jan (225), Feb (230), March (310).
What is the ratio of Oranges sold in Jan to Oranges sold in March?
- A. 3:4
- B. 4:3
- C. 2:3
- D. 3:5
- Answer: A (3:4).
- Rationale: $75 : 100$ . Divide both by 25.
What is the average monthly sales of Bananas?
- A. 90
- B. 100
- C. 110
- D. 120
- Answer: B (100).
- Rationale: $(100+80+120) / 3 = 300 / 3 = 100$ .

Set B: Pie Chart - Expenses (Total Income: P20,000)

Food: 40%
Rent: 30%
Savings: 20%
Utilities: 10%

How much is spent on Food?
- A. P6,000
- B. P8,000
- C. P10,000
- D. P4,000
- Answer: B (P8,000).
- Rationale: $0.40 \times 20,000 = 8,000$ .
How much more is spent on Rent than Savings?
- A. P1,000
- B. P2,000
- C. P3,000
- D. P4,000
- Answer: B (P2,000).
- Rationale: Diff is $30\% - 20\% = 10\%$ . $10\%$ of $20,000 = 2,000$ .
What is the combined percentage of Savings and Utilities?
- A. 20%
- B. 30%
- C. 40%
- D. 50%
- Answer: B (30%).
- Rationale: $20 + 10 = 30$ .
If income increases to P30,000, how much will be allocated to Savings (same rate)?
- A. P4,000
- B. P5,000
- C. P6,000
- D. P7,000
- Answer: C (P6,000).
- Rationale: $0.20 \times 30,000 = 6,000$ .
Which expense is exactly half of the Savings?
- A. Food
- B. Rent
- C. Utilities
- D. None
- Answer: C (Utilities).
- Rationale: Savings is 20%. Utilities is 10%.

Set C: Line Graph - Company Profit (in Millions)

2020: 10M
2021: 15M
2022: 12M
2023: 18M
2024: 25M

In which year did the profit decrease?
- A. 2021
- B. 2022
- C. 2023
- D. 2024
- Answer: B (2022).
- Rationale: From 15M (2021) down to 12M (2022).
What was the profit increase from 2020 to 2021?
- A. 2M
- B. 3M
- C. 5M
- D. 10M
- Answer: C (5M).
- Rationale: $15 - 10 = 5$ .
What is the average profit over the 5 years?
- A. 14M
- B. 15M
- C. 16M
- D. 18M
- Answer: C (16M).
- Rationale: $(10+15+12+18+25) / 5 = 80 / 5 = 16$ .
The profit in 2024 is how many times the profit in 2020?
- A. 1.5x
- B. 2.0x
- C. 2.5x
- D. 3.0x
- Answer: C (2.5x).
- Rationale: $25 / 10 = 2.5$ .
If profit is expected to grow by 10% in 2025, what will it be?
- A. 26.5M
- B. 27.0M
- C. 27.5M
- D. 28.0M
- Answer: C (27.5M).
- Rationale: $10\%$ of $25 = 2.5$ . $25 + 2.5 = 27.5$ .

Set D: Table - Monthly Attendance

Month	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday
July	120	140	130
August	150	160	170
September	180	170	190

What is the total attendance for July?
- A. 360
- B. 380
- C. 390
- D. 400
- Answer: C (390).
- Rationale: $120 + 140 + 130 = 390$ .
Which month has the highest total attendance?
- A. July
- B. August
- C. September
- D. They are equal
- Answer: C (September).
- Rationale: July = 390, August = 480, September = 540.
What is the average attendance on Monday across the three months?
- A. 140
- B. 150
- C. 160
- D. 170
- Answer: B (150).
- Rationale: $(120 + 150 + 180) / 3 = 450 / 3 = 150$ .
What is the difference between Wednesday attendance in September and July?
- A. 40
- B. 50
- C. 60
- D. 70
- Answer: C (60).
- Rationale: $190 - 130 = 60$ .
What is the ratio of August total to July total?
- A. 16:13
- B. 8:7
- C. 6:5
- D. 4:3
- Answer: A (16:13).
- Rationale: August total = 480, July total = 390. Divide both by 30.

Tip: Data Interpretation takes time. Practice reading charts quickly! (Sanayin ang mata sa mabilis na pagbabasa ng charts.)