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Practice Exams

Logical Reasoning Reviewer (Professional)

Reviewer's Note: Don't overthink! In Syllogisms, stick strictly to the premises provided. Even if a premise says "all cats are birds," accept it as truth for the duration of that question.

Logical Reasoning tests your ability to think clearly and systematically.

Sa madaling salita: Ito ay pag-test sa iyong logic. Kailangan mong sumunod sa "rules" ng logic kahit mukhang mali ito sa totoong buhay.

1. Syllogisms

Consists of two premises and a conclusion. Determine if the conclusion is valid.

  • Premise 1: All dogs are mammals.
  • Premise 2: Fido is a dog.
  • Conclusion: Fido is a mammal. (Valid)
  • Hack (Ibig sabihin): Kung ang lahat ng A ay B, at ang C ay isang A, ibig sabihin ang C ay B din.

Tips for Syllogisms:

  • Draw Venn Diagrams: Ito ang pinakamadaling paraan para ma-visualize ang logic.
  • Avoid Bias: Huwag gamitin ang "common sense" kung labas ito sa sinasabi ng premises.

2. Logic Puzzles (Seating/Ordering)

Arranging people or objects based on rules.

  • Strategy: Draw a diagram. (Gumuhit ng row o circle para hindi malito.)
  • Hack (Ibig sabihin): Ilagay muna ang mga taong may "fixed" na posisyon.

3. Letter and Number Logic

Identifying patterns in sequences.

  • Example: A, C, E, G, ? (Answer: I - laktaw ng isa.)
  • Example: Z1, Y2, X3, ? (Answer: W4 - pabaliktad ang alphabet, pataas ang numero.)

4. Inductive vs. Deductive

Reasoning can flow from the general to the specific or vice versa.

  • Deductive: From General rule to Specific case. (Malaki papunta sa maliit.)
  • Inductive: From Specific cases to General rule. (Maliit papunta sa malaki.)

Practice Questions

  1. Premise 1: All scientists are thinkers. Premise 2: Some thinkers are inventors. Conclusion: Therefore, all scientists are inventors.

    • A. Valid
    • B. Invalid
    • Answer: B (Invalid).
    • Hack (Ibig sabihin): Dahil "some" lang ang thinkers na inventors, hindi sigurado kung kasama doon ang mga scientists. Kung saan, hindi valid ang conclusion.

  2. Race Order: Alan finished before Ben but after Carl. Carl finished after Dan. Ed was last. Who won?

    • A. Alan
    • B. Carl
    • C. Dan
    • Analysis: Dan →\to Carl →\to Alan →\to Ben →\to Ed.
    • Answer: C (Dan).
    • Hack (Ibig sabihin): Ito ay halimbawa ng ordering puzzle. Mas madali kung gagawa ka ng timeline.

  3. Pattern: B2, D4, F6, H8, ?

    • A. J10
    • B. I9
    • Answer: A (J10).
    • Hack (Ibig sabihin): Ang letters ay lumalaktaw (B, [C], D, [E], F...). Ang numbers ay +2+2.

Tip: Logic is like a muscle. Practice daily! (Ang logic ay parang muscle, kailangang i-exercise araw-araw.)