CSE
Professional LevelSub-Professional Level
Practice Exams

Peace and Human Rights Reviewer (Professional)

Reviewer's Note: Understand the difference between "Negative Peace" (no war) and "Positive Peace" (justice/equality). The UDHR was adopted in 1948 - remember this date!

This section covers the fundamental rights of every human being and the concepts of maintaining a peaceful society.

Sa madaling salita: Ito ay tungkol sa ating mga karapatan bilang tao at kung paano makakamit ang tunay na kapayapaan sa lipunan.

1. Human Rights (Karapatang Pantao)

Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person from birth until death.

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): Adopted by the United Nations in 1948. (Nabuo noong 1948 bilang gabay sa buong mundo.)
  • Characteristics of Human Rights:
    • Universal: Belong to everyone. (Para sa lahat.)
    • Inalienable: Cannot be taken away. (Hindi pwedeng bawiin.)
    • Indivisible/Interdependent: All rights are equal and linked. (Magkakaugnay lahat ng karapatan.)

2. Types of Rights

  1. Civil and Political Rights: Right to life, free speech, and the right to vote. (Karapatang mabuhay at bumoto.)
  2. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: Right to work, education, and health. (Karapatang mag-aral at magtrabaho.)
  3. Collective Rights: Right to a healthy environment and peace. (Karapatan ng grupo/lipunan.)

3. Philippine Commission on Human Rights (CHR)

The CHR is an independent constitutional office created to protect and promote human rights in the Philippines.

  • Mandate: Investigate human rights violations involving civil and political rights. (Sila ang nag-iimbestiga kapag may paglabag sa karapatan.)

4. Concepts of Peace

  • Negative Peace: The absence of direct violence or war. (Walang gulo o labanan, pero baka may api pa rin.)
  • Positive Peace: The presence of social justice and absence of poverty/inequality. (May hustisya at pantay-pantay ang lahat. Ito ang tunay na kapayapaan.)
  • Conflict Resolution: Methods like mediation used to settle disputes. (Paraan ng pag-aayos ng away nang mahinahon.)

Practice Questions

  1. In what year was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted?

    • A. 1945
    • B. 1948
    • C. 1950
    • D. 1987
    • Answer: B.
    • Hack: Tandaan ang taong 1948 matapos ang World War II.

  2. Which characteristic means human rights cannot be taken away?

    • A. Universal
    • B. Inalienable
    • C. Indivisible
    • D. Temporary
    • Answer: B.
    • Hack: Ang "Inalienable" ay ibig sabihin ay hindi maiaalis sa iyo dahil ito ay bahagi ng pagiging tao mo.

  3. What is "Positive Peace"?

    • A. Absence of war
    • B. Presence of social justice
    • C. Winning a battle
    • D. Total silence
    • Answer: B.
    • Hack: Hindi sapat na walang barilan (negative peace); dapat may hustisya para matawag na "Positive Peace".

Remember: Respect for human rights is the foundation of a free and just society. (Ang paggalang sa karapatan ang pundasyon ng katarungan.)